A political reading views Arachne as opposed to established powers and often centers on the polemics of Ovid's Augustanism or anti-Augustanism. The Arachne episode may reveal an anti-Augustan poet. Minerva's work has the order, separation, control, and boundary setting typical of what is often seen as Augustan. In fact, Augustus's moral politics are frequently viewed as embodying the denial of change, exactly the opposite of what Metamorphoses is about — despite the fact that change is actually what Augustus achieved. Further, the art of Pallas is official, hierarchic, and political — thus masculine — while Arachne's design follows the artistic and literary trends of the Hellenistic period and the Alexandrian poets, and is therefore in tune with what is seen as Ovid's Callimacheanism. Harris identifies Arachne with the poet because she is "a highly gifted artist equipped with every skill except that of knowing how and when to defer to superiority." The fates of Arachne and Ovid are intertwined; indeed, Arachne becomes the prototype of the exiled poet.