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Malkiat
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SYLLABUS: Physical Chemistry 158b – Chemical
Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Click here to download a PDF copy of the syllabus.
Course
information: Spring 2011 Semester, Dr. Malkiat S. Johal, extension 74253, malkiat.johal@pomona.edu. Required
textbook: D. A. McQuarrie and J. D.
Simon, Physical Chemistry: A
Molecular Approach, University Science Books, 1997 (ISBN: 0-935702-99-7).
Office
Hours: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 1:00pm to 3:00 pm, or by appointment.
COURSE CONTENT
Unit 1: Partial Differentiation and Equations of State,
Chapter
16; MathChapters G and H. Review of partial differentiation. The properties of
gases. Two-parameter and cubic equations of state. Second viral coefficients
and intermolecular potentials. Law of corresponding states. Van der Waals
constants in terms of molecular parameters. Unit 1 examination. There will be a
mid-term exam testing all the material from Chapter 16 and MathChapter H. The
exam will last approximately 1 hour and will be closed book
Unit 2: Introduction to Molecular Thermodynamics, Laws of
Thermodynamics,
Chapter 17 and 18;
MathChapter B and I. Review of the energy levels of atoms and molecules.
Introduction to the Boltzmann distribution law and partition functions. Use of partition functions to obtain the
average ensemble energy and heat capacity for a number atomic and molecular
systems. Expression for pressure in terms of the partition function. The
relationship between system partition functions (Q) and molecular partition functions
(q). The molecular partition function expressed as a product of partition
functions for each degree of freedom. The translational, rotational and
vibrational partition functions.
Chapter 19; MathChapter J.
The First Law of Thermodynamics.
Internal energy, heat and work and their molecular interpretation. Fundamental
thermodynamic processes e.g. reversible adiabatic expansion of gases. Enthalpy
changes for chemical reactions. The temperature dependence of enthalpy. The
concept of entropy.
Chapter 20 and 21. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
The importance of devising a reversible process to calculate entropy changes.
Statistical description of entropy (S
= kBInW), and entropy in terms of a partition
function. Entropy and the Third Law of
Thermodynamics. Absolute entropies, standard entropies, calorimetric
entropies, and spectroscopic entropies.
Chapter 22. Helmholtz and Gibbs Energies and the
prediction of the direction of a spontaneous process for a system at
both constant pressure and volume. Maxwell relations. The Gibbs-Helmholtz
equation. Fugacity as a measure of the nonideality of a gas. The Unit will end
with a summary. There will be a mid-term exam testing all the
material from Chapter 17 to Chapter 22. The exam will last approximately 1 hour
and will be closed book
Unit 3: Solution Thermodynamics
Chapter
24. Liquid-liquid solutions. We will examine partial molar quantities and the
Gibbs-Duhem equation. Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law. The concept of chemical
potential and activity. Gibbs energy of mixing of a binary solution.
Chapter
25. Solid-liquid solutions. Raoult’s law and Henry’s law standard states.
Colligative properties. Electrolyte solutions. Debye-Hückel theory and the
mean-spherical approximation.
Regular solution theory.
There will be a mid-term exam on the Friday, testing all the material from
Chapter 24 and Chapter 25, including handouts on regular solution theory. The
exam will last approximately 1 hour and will be closed book
Unit 4: Physical and Chemical
Equilbria
Chapter
23. Phase equilbria. Phase diagrams of pure substances. The Clausius-Clapeyron
equation. Two dimensional phase diagrams and pressure-area isotherms. Chemical
equilibrium.
Chapter
26. Chemical equilibrium continued. The Van’t Hoff equation. Equilibrium
constant and standard Gibbs energies of formation. Equilibrium constants in
terms of partition functions. The use of activities in solubility calculations.
Chapter 28. There will be a
mid-term exam testing all the material from Chapter 23 and Chapter 26. The exam
will last approximately 1 hour and will be closed book. Chemical kinetics and
rate laws. Effect of temperature on the rate constant. Transition state theory.
Unit 5: Chemical Kinetics and
Reaction Mechanisms
Chapter
29. Reaction mechanisms. Reversible reactions, consecutive, and parallel
reactions. The steady-state approximation. Chains reactions, the Lindmann
mechanisms, and enzyme catalysis. Explosions.
Final.
Exact time and place to be announced. We will review
the entire course. We will revisit difficult topics and go through a large number
of practice problems. The final exam will be cumulative and cover questions
from all Units (equal weighting.) The closed book final examination will last
approximately 2 hours. One 8.5” ´ 11” sheet is
allowed for reference to equations and physical constants.
END